This section describes the crater of a volcano.For the fire-making tool "Hokuchi", see "Tinder (igniter)."

crater(Kako,British: crater) Is地下 OfmagmaAndVolcanic gasWas carried toRock massSuch,solid~liquid SurfaceErupted in (or erupted in the past)hole..What spoutsmud,Hot waterEven so, it is sometimes called a crater depending on the scale.crater(British: eruptive crater).

gasThe hole that ejects only (gas)FumaroleIn fact, it is roughly distinguished by size, and even if it is only gas, it is often called a crater when it is several meters in diameter.It does not matter if there are past or present eruptions (OitaMt.For example).

Crater formation and shape

The crater is a little magma温泉 水However, it is formed by rising from the deep underground and breaking through the surface of the earth.

Water that has accumulated in the craterCrater lakeThat.

Arrangement of craters

The craters are often lined up in a straight line.

• Fissure eruptionin the case of

If the magma rises in a plate shape instead of a thin columnar shape, a fissure eruption will occur, but on the ground surface, it will be a row of craters with elliptical craters lined up in a straight line instead of continuous cracks.

• When affected by a wide area stress field

地殻 TheplateBy the movement ofstressTherefore, the direction parallel to the maximum compression principal stress axis (orthogonal to the minimum compression principal stress axis) is liable to crack, and the craters tend to line up in the fragile direction accordingly.In this case, the distance between the craters is much farther than the crater row of the fissure eruption.

Risk

EarthquakeEruption soon due to activities etc.Pyroclastic flowThere is a risk of outbreaksulfurOf originVolcanic gasWith the squirt ofPoisoningThere is a risk of death, so access is restricted.MunicipalitiesThere is also.

Gallery

• 

  Zao OfOgama

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  Seen from high skyAzuma KofujiWith the craterCrater lakeGoshikinuma (Fukushima City)

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  No matter whatfromGoshikinuma

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  Adatarayama・ Numanodaira crater

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  HarunayamaCrater LakeLake HarunaとCentral crater hillHaruna Fuji

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  Kusatsu Shirane MountainHot water kettle

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  Mount FujiCrater

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  Mt. Fuji crater (November 2010)

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  Laki volcanoCrater (center).There is a row of craters toward the back.

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  AfricaEasternMount NyiragongoCrater

References

Related item

• Volcano
• eruption
• caldera
• Marl (volcano)

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